Cardiac catheterization is also performed to diagnose vascular diseases, relieve chest pain resulting from angina pectoris , improve heart performance, and sometimes save the patient’s life, and in cases that do not respond to other therapeutic methods, repair a congenital heart defect, and accurately measure blood pressure in departments. The heart, major arteries and lungs.

Cardiac catheterization is associated with some risks, such as the following: Infection in the surgical incision. bleeding. Scars at the incision site. Hypersensitivity to the anesthetics or dye used. Damage to the blood vessels in the heart. Heart rhythm disturbances.

The patient is sent for a set of tests, such as: complete blood count, blood chemistry, coagulation functions, kidney and liver functions, and echocardiography to evaluate the performance of the heart. The doctor should be consulted about the medications that should be stopped in the days preceding the operation, and the patient should fast for a full 8 hours before the operation.

After determining the area of ​​entry into the blood vessels, usually in the area of ​​the femoral artery or the radial artery, cardiac catheterization is performed as follows: Sterilize the incision area well, then insert a long, thin tube into the blood vessels. Passing the tube through the main blood vessels to the origin of the coronary blood vessels in the heart, with the help of angiography for monitoring. Injection of a specific dye that is distributed in the blood vessels homogeneously, which shows the areas where there is improper flow due to narrowing or blockage in the blood vessels. Choosing the appropriate treatment for the patient’s condition, as it is possible to expand the blood vessels by inflating a small balloon, or inserting a stent that helps keep the blood vessels open. Take the tube out through the incision, then suture it and put a bandage over it.

After the therapeutic cardiac catheterization, the patient is kept under medical supervision, and usually stays in the hospital for several days, while there is no need to stay in the hospital if the catheterization is diagnostic. The bandage is removed from the surgical incision several days after the operation, and there may be local bleeding that goes away automatically after several days, and pain relievers can be used as needed. You should go to the doctor quickly in the event of some problems, such as: sudden high temperature, drop in blood pressure , shortness of breath, urinary retention, severe bleeding, and severe pain. It is possible to return to daily activities after a therapeutic cardiac catheterization procedure gradually, and the doctor often prescribes some medications and anticoagulant medications to prevent the formation of another blockage in the blood vessels in the future.

Laparoscopic surgery is a relatively safe procedure, but it carries certain risks depending on the area in which the procedure is performed. Risks may generally include: Over sedation. Feeling bloated for a short time after the procedure. mild contractions Numbness in the throat for several hours due to the use of a local anesthetic. minor infection Constant pain in the endoscopy area. Internal bleeding is usually minor, and can sometimes be treated with endoscopic cauterization

Laparoscopic surgery does not require an overnight stay in the hospital, and usually only takes about one hour to complete. Your doctor will provide instructions about preparation and preparation for the procedure, such as: For many types of laparoscopic surgery, a person needs to fast for about 12 hours, although this varies by type. Laxatives may be taken the night before the gut check procedure, to empty the digestive tract. The doctor performs an endoscopic examination before surgery. Tell your doctor about all medications and supplements you are taking, and any previous surgical procedures